Focus issue on Recovery, Reuse, and Recycling of Critical Raw Materials

Critical raw materials (CRMs) are essential for rapidly developing technologies that are integral to both the green and digital transitions. Yet, with ever-growing demand and finite extraction possibilities, it is crucial that methods of recovery, reuse and recycling are developed and implemented to ensure a sustainable supply. This collection aims to gather cutting-edge research and innovative solutions that address the challenges and opportunities in the sustainable management of CRMs. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: • Innovative methods for the recovery of CRMs from waste streams • CRM extraction techniques as applied to secondary sources • Advances in the reuse of CRMs in manufacturing processes • CRM recycling technologies and their applications in various industries • CRM recycling systems, including collection networks and reverse logistics • Environmental and economic impacts of CRM recovery and recycling • Policy and regulatory frameworks supporting sustainable CRM management • Case studies and real-world applications of CRM recovery, reuse, and recycling